Anti-GluA3 antibodies in frontotemporal dementia: results on glutamatergic neurotransmission and synaptic failure.
Regardless of the good effort of the scientific group within the discipline, the pathogenesis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) stays elusive. Lately, a task for autoimmunity and altered glutamatergic neurotransmission in triggering illness onset has been put ahead. We reported the presence of autoantibodies recognizing the GluA3 subunit of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors in about 25% of FTD circumstances.
On this examine, we evaluated the mechanisms concerned in anti-GluA3 autoimmunity, via molecular/neurochemical analyses carried out on sufferers’ mind specimens with frontotemporal lobar degeneration-tau neuropathology. We then corroborated these ends in vivo in FTD sufferers with transcranial magnetic stimulation and glutamate, D-serine, and L-serine dosages within the cerebrospinal fluid and serum.
All-Antibody
We noticed that GluA3 autoantibodies have an effect on glutamatergic neurotransmission, lowering glutamate launch and altering GluA3-containing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor ranges. These alterations have been accompanied by adjustments of scaffolding proteins concerned in receptor synaptic retention/internalization.
The above outcomes have been confirmed by transcranial magnetic stimulation, suggesting a big impairment of oblique measures of glutamatergic neurotransmission in FTD sufferers in contrast with controls, with additional add-on dangerous impact in these FTD sufferers with anti-GluA3 antibodies. Lastly, FTD sufferers confirmed a big enhance of glutamate, D-serine, and L-serine ranges within the cerebrospinal fluid.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human anti TNF Alpha autoantibody in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Rabbit Anti-human Topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2 alpha) IgG, aff pure
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is unconjugated.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to ATTO 390.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to ATTO 488.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to ATTO 565.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to ATTO 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to ATTO 633.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to ATTO 655.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to ATTO 680.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to ATTO 700.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to Alkaline Phosphatase.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to APC .
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to APC/Cy7.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to Biotin.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to Dylight 350.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to Dylight 405.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to Dylight 488.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to Dylight 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to Dylight 633.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to FITC.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to HRP.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to PE/ATTO 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to PerCP.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to RPE .
Description: A polyclonal antibody for TNF alpha from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human TNFA.. The Antibody is tested and validated for IHC, ICC/IF, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: IHC (1:100), ICC/IF (1:500), ELISA (1:10000). This TNF alpha antibody is conjugated to Streptavidin.
Elevated ranges of anti-dsDNA antibodies in immune complexes earlier than remedy with belimumab affiliate with scientific response in sufferers with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Immune complexes are of significance in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis, and autoantibodies are believed to take part in immune advanced formation. Quantification of autoantibody ranges in circulating IC may be of prognostic worth.
A C1q-binding-eluting method was utilized to purify immune complexes from 55 belimumab-treated systemic lupus erythematosus sufferers throughout a 24-month follow-up. Autoantibodies in serum and in solubilized immune complexes have been quantified utilizing addressable laser bead immunoassay. We investigated whether or not ranges of autoantibodies in immune complexes affiliate with illness exercise and response to belimumab remedy.
Excessive baseline anti-double-stranded DNA and anti-histone ranges in immune complexes related to attainment of zero scores in scientific systemic lupus erythematosus illness exercise index 2000 through the 24-month follow-up (p = 0.003 and p = 0.048, respectively).
Low complement ranges related to excessive serum anti-double-stranded DNA and anti-ribosomal P ranges (p = 0.003 and p = 0.008, respectively) and excessive anti-double-stranded DNA (p = 0.002) however not anti-ribosomal P ranges in immune complexes. Anti-SSA/SSB serum ranges have been decrease in sufferers attaining lupus low illness exercise state at month 6; these associations have been stronger for corresponding immune advanced ranges.
Serum ranges of most autoantibodies had declined at month 3, whereas autoantibody ranges in immune complexes, apart from anti-double-stranded DNA, confirmed a extra gradual decline over 1-2 years. Serum anti-double-stranded DNA ranges decreased in all sufferers regardless of systemic lupus erythematosus illness exercise index 2000=Zero attainment, whereas immune advanced ranges decreased solely in achievers.
Immune advanced ranges of autoantibodies towards double-stranded DNA and the SSA/SSB advanced present extra particular associations with remedy consequence in contrast with serum ranges in belimumab-treated systemic lupus erythematosus sufferers. Characterization of autoantibody content material in circulating immune complexes might show helpful in remedy analysis in systemic lupus erythematosus and different immune complex-associated ailments.
No affiliation between anti-thyroidperoxidase antibodies and bipolar dysfunction: A examine within the Dutch Bipolar Cohort and a meta-analysis.
Thyroid autoimmunity has been related to bipolar dysfunction (BD). Nevertheless, outcomes from earlier research on the seroprevalence of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-abs) in BD are inconsistent.
The purpose of the current examine is to research whether or not the seroprevalence and titer ranges of TPO-abs are associated to BD.TPO-abs have been measured in plasma samples of 760 sufferers with bipolar dysfunction, 261 first-degree family and 363 controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
To handle the methodological limitations of earlier research, we assessed scientific traits with a number of (self-reported) questionnaires to research whether or not TPO-abs positivity is said to specific scientific subgroups of BD sufferers. We carried out a further meta-analysis of seroprevalences of TPO-abs in BD sufferers together with information from current and former research.
Seroprevalence or titer ranges of TPO-abs didn’t considerably differ between sufferers with BD, their first-degree family, and controls. In BD sufferers, the prevalence of TPO-abs was unrelated to particular scientific elements, together with lithium use. Our meta-analysis of twelve research confirmed an total odds ratio of 1.3 (CI 95 %: 0.7-2.3; p = 0.30), reaffirming the absence of an affiliation of BD with TPO-abs. Within the largest examine of TPO-abs in BD so far, our findings point out that TPO-abs should not related to (the chance for) bipolar dysfunction.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to Alkaline Phosphatase.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 350.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 405.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 488.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is unconjugated.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 390.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 488.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 565.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 633.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 655.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 680.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 700.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to APC .
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to APC/Cy7.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to Biotin.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 633.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to FITC.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to HRP.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to PE/ATTO 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to PerCP.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to RPE .
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is conjugated to Streptavidin.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IGF-1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide from the mid-protein of Human IGF-1. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100); IHC (1:50). This IGF-1 antibody is unconjugated.
Description: Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) is a polypeptide endocrine hormone structurally similar to insulin and is mainly produced in the liver when stimulated by growth hormone. IGF-1 is a growth factor that stimulates the proliferation of various cell types including muscle, bone, and cartilage tissue
Description: Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) is a polypeptide endocrine hormone structurally similar to insulin and is mainly produced in the liver when stimulated by growth hormone. IGF-1 is a growth factor that stimulates the proliferation of various cell types including muscle, bone, and cartilage tissue
Description: IGF-BPs controls the distribution, function and activity of IGFs in various cell tissues and body fluids. Currently there are seven named IGF-BPs that form high affinity complexes with both IGF-I and IGF-II. IGF-BP1 is a 25.4 kDa cysteine-rich secreted protein expressed in liver, deciduas, and kidneys and is the most abundant IGF-BP in amniotic fluid. Levels of IGF-BP1 in serum are lowest after food. IGF-BP1 binds to both IGF-I and IGF-II with equal affinity. Phosphorylated IGF-BP1 hinders IGF actions, where as nonphosphorylated IGF-BP1 is stimulatory. Recombinant human IGF-BP1 is a 25.4 kDa protein consisting of 235 amino acid residues (Isoform A).
Description: IGF-BP3 is a 30 kDa cysteine-rich secreted protein. It is the major IGF binding protein present in the plasma of human and animals and it is also found in α-granules of platelets. In addition to its ability to modulate the activity of IGF-I and IGF-II, IGF-BP3 exerts inhibitory effects on follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) activity. Decreased plasma levels of IGF-BP3 often results in dwarfism, whereas elevated levels of IGF-BP3 may lead to acromegaly. The expression of IGF-BP3 in fibroblasts is stimulated by mitogenic growth factors such as Bombesin, Vasopressin, PDGF, and EGF. Recombinant human IGF-BP3 is a 28.8 kDa protein consisting of 264 amino acid residues.
Description: IGF-BPs controls the distribution, function and activity of IGFs in various cell tissues and body fluids. Currently there are seven named IGF-BPs that form high affinity complexes with both IGF-I and IGF-II. IGF-BP2 is a cysteine-rich secreted protein produced by bone cells, and is most abundant in the brain. IGF-BP2 has been shown to inhibit IGF-II action in human breast and ovarian carcinoma cells. Recombinant human IGF-BP2 is a 31.5 kDa protein consisting of 289 amino acid residues including the IGF-BP domain and thyroglobulin type-I domain.
*Manufactured using (BTI-Tn-5B1-4) cells under license from the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Inc.
Description: IGF-BPs controls the distribution, function and activity of IGFs in various cell tissues and body fluids. IGF-BP6 is produced by bone cells and is the major IGF-BP present in cerebrospinal fluid, and specifically inhibits IGF-II actions. IGF-BP6 has been shown to inhibit IGF-II-dependent cancers such as neuroblastoma, colon cancer and rhabdomyosarcoma. Recombinant human IGF-BP6 has a calculated mass of 22.6 kDa and consists of 213 amino acid residues including the IGF-BP domain and thyroglobulin type-I domain. IGF-BP6 migrates at an apparent molecular weight of approximately 23.0-30.0 kDa by SDS-PAGE analysis under non-reducing conditions.
*Manufactured using (BTI-Tn-5B1-4) cells under license from the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Inc.
Description: IGF-BPs controls the distribution, function and activity of IGFs in various cell tissues and body fluids. Currently there are seven named IGF-BPs that form high affinity complexes with both IGF-I and IGF-II. IGF-BP5 is a 28.6 kDa cysteine-rich secreted protein produced by vascular smooth muscle cells. It is the major IGF-binding protein present in bone tissue and helps potentiate the action of IGF-I on smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts or osteoblasts. Data shows that IGFBP-5 acts as a growth inhibitor and pro-apoptotic agent in breast cancer cells. IGFBP-5 overexpressing mice show an increase in neonatal mortality, reduced female fertility, whole-body growth inhibition and retarded muscle development. Recombinant human IGF-BP5 is a 28.6 kDa protein consisting of 253 amino acid residues.
Description: IGF-BPs controls the distribution, function and activity of IGFs in various cell tissues and body fluids. Currently there are seven named IGF-BPs that form high affinity complexes with both IGF-I and IGF-II. IGF-BP7 is expressed in a wide range of normal human tissues and it generally shows reduced expression in cancer cell lines of prostate, breast, colon, and lung origin. It plays a role in skeletal myogenesis by binding to IGF in a manner that inhibits IGF induced differentiation of skeletal myoblasts, without affecting IGF induced proliferation. Additionally, IGF-BP7 suppresses growth and colony formation of prostate and breast cancer cell lines through an IGF independent mechanism, which causes a delay in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and increased apoptosis. Recombinant human IGF-BP7 is a 26.4 kDa protein consisting of 256 amino acid residues.
